Introduction of Banking Sector free essay sample

The Indian economy is developing as one of the most grounded economy of the world with the GDP development of over 8% consistently. This has given an extraordinary help for the improvement of banking industry in the nation. Because of globalization, rivalry among the banks has definitely been expanded. As India has a generous upper and white collar class pay thus the banks have gigantic chances to build their pieces of the overall industry. The purchaser being in a bad way is in the agreeable position however the banks attempting to expand their piece of the overall industry need to persistently include alue for buyers so as to build piece of the overall industry and continue their development. BANKING SECTOR The financial area is the most predominant part of the money related framework in India. Noteworthy advancement has been made as for the financial division in the post progression period. The budgetary wellbeing of the business banks has improved manifolds as for capital ampleness, benefit, and resource quality and hazard the board. We will compose a custom exposition test on Presentation of Banking Sector or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Further, deregulation has opened new open doors for banks to build income by differentiating into venture banking, protection, Visas, epository administrations, contract, securitization, and so on. Progression has made an increasingly serious condition in the financial area. The starting point of banking in India is discernible in old time through the cutting edge banking barely 200 years of age. The principle capacity of bank is to acknowledge stores and award advances. There is proof of these capacities being performed by a segment of the network in the Vedic time frames. There are numerous references of obligation in the Vedic writing. During the Ramayana and Mahabharata territories banking, which was a side usiness during the Vedic time frame, become a fulltime business movement for the individuals. During the smriti period, which followed the Vedic time frame and the Epic age, investors played out the capacity of the cutting edge banks. The individuals from the Vaish people group carried on the financial business and Manu talks about acquiring through enthusiasm as the matter of Vaishays. He acknowledged stores from general society, allowed credits against vows and individual security, conceded straightforward open advances, went about as bailee for his clients, bought in to open advances by giving advances to lords, went about as treasurer nd broker to the state and dealt with the money of the nation. Indigenous investors used to keep up a normal arrangement of records and borrowers used to sign the advance deeds. n presence in India is the State Bank of India, an administration possessed bank that follows its beginnings back to June 1806 and that is the biggest business bank in the nation. Focal banking is the duty of the Reserve Bank of India, which in 1935 officially assumed control over these obligations from the then Imperial Bank of India, consigning it to business banking capacities. After Indias autonomy in 1947, he Reserve Bank was nationalized and given more extensive forces. In 1969 the administration nationalized the 14 biggest business banks; the legislature nationalized the six next biggest in 1980. At present, India has 88 booked business banks (SCBs) 27 open part banks (that is with the Government of India holding a stake), 31 private banks (these don't have government stake; they might be freely recorded and exchanged on stock trades) and 38 outside banks. They have a joined system of more than 53,000 branches and 17,000 ATMs. As indicated by a report by ICRA Limited, a rating organization, the open segment anks hold more than 75 percent of all out resources of the financial business, with the private and remote banks holding 18. 2% and 6. 5% individually. Early history Banking in India started in the most recent many years of the eighteenth century. The primary banks were The General Bank of India, which began in 1786, and the Bank of Hindustan, the two of which are currently dead. The most seasoned bank in presence in India is the State Bank of India, which began in the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806, which very quickly turned into the Bank of Bengal. This was one of the three administration banks, he other two being the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras, each of the three of which were set up under sanctions from the British East India Company. For a long time the Presidency banks went about as semi national banks, as did their replacements. The three banks converged in 1925 to shape the Imperial Bank of India, which, upon Indias autonomy, turned into the State Bank of India. Indian traders in Calcutta set up the Union Bank in 1839, yet it flopped in 1848 as an outcome of the financial emergency of 1848-49. The Allahabad Bank, set up in 1865 and as yet working today, is the most established Joint Stock bank in India. It was not he first however. That respect has a place with the Bank of Upper India, which was set up in 1863, and which made due until 1913, when it fizzled, with a portion of its advantages and liabilities being moved to the Alliance Bank of Shimla. At the point when the American Civil War halted the gracefully of cotton to Lancashire from the Confederate States, advertisers opened banks to fund exchanging Indian cotton. With huge presentation to theoretical endeavors, the majority of the banks opened in India during that period fizzled. The contributors lost cash and lost enthusiasm for keeping stores with banks. In this manner, banking in India remained the selective space of Europeans for next quite a few years until the start of the twentieth century. Comptoire dEscompte de Paris opened a branch in Calcutta in 1860, and another in Bombay in 1862; branches in Madras and Pondicherry, at that point a French province, followed. HSBC set up itself in Bengal in 1869. Calcutta was the most dynamic exchanging port India, primarily because of the exchange of the British Empire, thus turned into a financial focus. [pic] The Bank of Bengal, which later turned into the State Bank of India. The primary totally Indian Joint stock bank was the Oudh Commercial Bank, built up in 1881 in Faizabad. It flopped in 1958. The following was the Punjab National Bank, set up in Lahore in 1895, which has made due to the present and is currently perhaps the biggest bank in India. Around the turn of the twentieth Century, the Indian economy was going through a general time of steadiness. Around five decades had slipped by since the Indian Mutiny, and the social, mechanical and other framework had improved. Indians had built up little banks, the greater part of which served specific ethnic and strict networks. The administration banks ruled banking in India however there were likewise some trade banks and various Indian Joint stock banks. Every one of these banks worked in various portions of the economy. The trade banks, for the most part possessed by Europeans, focused on financing remote exchange. Indian Joint stock banks were for the most part undercapitalized and come up short on the experience and development to contend with the administration and trade banks. This division let Lord Curzon to watch, In regard of banking it appears we are old-fashioned. We resemble some good old cruising transport, isolated by strong wooden bulkheads into independent and lumbering compartments. The period somewhere in the range of 1906 and 1911, saw the foundation of banks roused by the Swadeshi development. The Swadesh development roused neighborhood businesspeople and political fgures to establish banks of and for the Indian people group. Various banks set up then have made due to the present, for example, Bank of India, Corporation Bank, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank and Central Bank of India. The intensity of Swadesh development lead to setting up of numerous private banks in Dakshina Kannada and Udupi area which were bound together before and known by the name South Canara ( South Kanara ) locale. Four nationalized banks began in this area and furthermore a main private part bank. Consequently unified Dakshina Kannada istrict is known as Cradle of Indian Banking. From World War I to Independence World War (1939-1945), and two years from there on until the freedom of India were trying for Indian banking. Nationalization By the 1960s, the Indian financial industry has become a significant instrument to encourage the improvement of the Indian economy. Simultaneously, it has developed as a huge industry. Indira Gandhi, the-then Prime Minister of India communicated the aim of the GOI in the yearly gathering of the All India Congress Meeting in a paper entitled Stray contemplations on Bank Nationalization. The paper was gotten with positive energy. From that point, her move was quick and unexpected, and the GOI gave a mandate and nationalized the 14 biggest business saves money with impact from the 12 PM of July 19, 1969. Jayaprakash Narayan, a national chief of India, portrayed the progression as a masterstroke of political savvy. Inside about fourteen days of the issue of the law, the Parliament passed the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertaking) Bill, and it got the presidential endorsement on 9 August, 1969. A second portion of nationalization of 6 increasingly business banks followed in 1980. The tated explanation behind the nationalization was to give the administration more control of credit conveyance. With the second portion of nationalization, the GOI controlled around 91% of the financial business of India. Later on, in the year 1993, the administration blended New Bank of India with Punjab National Bank. It was the main merger between nationalized banks and brought about the decrease of the quantity of nationalized banks from 20 to 19. After this, until the 1990s, the nationalized banks developed at a pace of around 4%, closer to the normal development pace of the Indian economy. The nationalized banks were credited by a few, including Home clergyman P. Chidambaram, to have helped the Indian economy withstand the worldwide monetary cnsts of 2007-2009. Progression In the mid 1990s, the then Narsimha Rao government set out on

Evaluate the Financial Performance of US Financial Services Company to Essay

Assess the Financial Performance of US Financial Services Company to decide whether they can put resources into India - Essay Example To decide if USFSC can put resources into India one must break down the ongoing budgetary presentation of the organization. The total compensation of USFSC in 2011 was $3.76 billion. The companys total compensation expanded by 339% in examination with the earlier year. The organization puts stock in offering back to its investors. In 2011 USFSC announced profits of $665 million. The all out resources of the organization are $197.7 billion. In examination with the earlier year the all out resources of USFSC have expanded by 158%. The complete advances and rents of the organization add up to $138.9 billion. This all out speaks to an expansion of 205% in correlation with 2010. The obligation to value proportion of USFSC in 2011 was 1.12. This budgetary measurement gauges the measure of advantages being given by lenders to every dollar of benefits being given by investors (Garrison and Noreen, 2003). A proportion that ascertains how utilized the organization is the obligation proportion. USFSC has an obligation proportion of 0.53. Its obligation proportion is generally low which is ideal. In light of the exam ination played out the organization gives a great deal of good indications. The benefit of the organization has become over the previous year due partially to its 205% development on advances. USFSC has likewise developed its complete resources. The organization is in sound money related condition to help a development system, in this manner putting resources into India is

Examples of Good College Essay Titles TKG

Examples of Good College Essay Titles Let’s start with something that most people overlook: the title of your essay is included in the 650 count word limit. This causes a lot of our students to have a mini meltdown (you’re not alone) so we wanted to get that out of the way. The best advice that we can give regarding the title of your common app is to not overthink things. Every college essay needs a title because it’s a piece of creative writing, but by no means does it have to be something you spend days stressing out about.  If you look at the titles of the sample admissions essays on our website, you’ll quickly find that they are simple, short, and not at all fancy. More importantly, they don’t detract from the essay. Your title is a brief compliment to what’s to come, not an opportunity to use a grabber or shock the admissions officer. In most cases, we suggest writing your essay before you lock in a title. It’s much more likely that something will come to mind after you’re done writing. A lot of stu dents think that the title of their essay needs to be something profound, thematic, and influential but it’s almost impossible to write freely with something like that looming over your head. Simplify the process by asking yourself “what is my essay about?” Food? What it’s like being the middle child? What you do every night before bed? Think of 1-2 word responses and write a few options down. Your title should relate to your essay without giving away it’s ending. Let’s use the essay Samson as an example. It’s not clear what this essay is about after reading the title, and that’s completely fine. Samson is a vehicle to tell a story about what our student gained from a relationship with her pet. The title “Samson” works a lot better than “Important Takeaways From The Time I Spent With My Dog.”Remember, admissions officers will keep reading your work regardless of the title and that means two things: 1) it’s not the most important aspect or your essay and 2) you aren’t going to trick anyone into thinking your essay is fantastic just because it has a catchy title.  Want some help? Contact us here.

The Economic Aspects Associated With Globalization

Quoted by the Financial Times as the â€Å"integration of economies, industries, markets, cultures and policy-making around the world†, globalisation has thrived in recent years owing to developments in communication, transportation and trade, accompanied by the enhancement and increased use of information technology. Whilst at first glance this could be regarded as beneficial, it has nonetheless provoked a number of high profile and often violent protests of late. Notably the biggest anti-globalisation demonstration ever experienced was in Seattle in 1999 involving 40,000 activists (BBC News). Globalisation has a multitude of different facets, ranging from the worlds of research and health, to media and technology. This essay however, will look at the economic aspects associated with globalization and will seek to explore some of the reasons behind these protests. Contrastingly, it will also look at the benefits of this increase in interconnectivity examining how a rise in bu siness wealth will allow others to share the benefits. One of the obvious benefits of globalisation is the increase in free trade throughout the world and the affect this has on consumers. Temin (1999) recognised that when the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was initiated, it proved to be the initial trigger in the reduction and removal of barriers to trade. With increasing market access as a result of globalisation, Countries have taken advantage of specialization and traded in particularShow MoreRelatedGlobalization s Effect On The State s Strength And Weakness938 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as Globalization which effects not only how the world interacts with each other but how nations develop or cease to develop. In Martin Wolf’s â€Å"Will the Nation-Sate Survive Globalization?† Wolf explains the advances all over the world, which has brought us to where we are today, because of globalization. However, Wolf argues that just because nations are changing and advancing due to globalization, doesn’t mean states have become weaker or less important during these societal and economic developmentsRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effects On Society1011 Words   |  5 Pagesworld have interacted and integrated with each other. This is called globalization. Globalization has reformed almost every industry and affects billions of lives whether you realize it or not. Around the world, people view international trade as a good thing but this is hindered by concerns about its side effects. To find the balance between pros and cons associated with globalization, citizens everywhere need to know how globalization works. This includes its effects on the environment, culture, politicalRead MoreGlobalization of the Economy1729 Words   |  7 PagesEconomic globalization has voluminous positive influences on international security as well. The most important effect of economic globalization is that it curbs the authority of state. It also reduces states’ dependence on military based security and ultimately reduces states’ monopoly on security. This effect is considered by many, a prime factor contributing towards peace and stability. There are number of factors associated with economic globalization which affects states authority. FirstlyRead MoreGlobalization: a Process of Change that Cannot be Stopped Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization is defined as â€Å"the process by which the experience of everyday life, marked by the diffusion of commodities and ideas, is becoming standardized around the world,† and as â€Å"a process fueled by, and resulting in, increasing cross-border flows of goods, services, money, people, information, and culture.† Presently, globalization has been transpiring at a rather rapid rate. While this increased rate of globalization is a recent phenomenon, globalization has been happening long before theRead MoreEconomic Impact Of American Fast Food Upon Developing Countries Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pages Economic Impacts of American Fast Food upon Developing Countries Amanda Lee Arkansas School for Mathematics, Sciences, and the Arts Introduction Developments leading up to the 21st century are best characterized by the economic advancements found in countries all over the world. Regardless of the level of these advancements in a country, achieving higher living standards, financial stability, and overall growth of the economy are the perpetual goals for a countryRead MoreECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION ON TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY1682 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION ON TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY Case of Vodafone Contents Contents 2 SUMMARY 3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GLOBALIZATION 3 GLOBALIZATION OF TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY- CASE OF VODAFONE 4 CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION ON TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY- CASE OF VODAFONE 4 EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION 6 REFERENCES 7 SUMMARY While discussing the topics of trade, development and political economy, globalization is often discussed. In general, globalizationRead MoreIntroduction Globalization960 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Globalization is an ongoing process integrating economies, industries, markets, cultures, societies and policies around the world. Whether globalization is good or bad is a question that people around the globe are constantly debating over. The answer depends on which part of the world you stand on, for globalization have different impacts on every ‘participant’. The Good The good side of globalization is that it promotes open markets which allows businesses to communicate effectivelyRead MoreThe Globalization Paradox By Dani Rodrik1464 Words   |  6 Pages In The Globalization Paradox, Dani Rodrik articulates a reasoned, cohesive argument which calls for the temperament of unbridled, dogmatic globalization as advocated by the current international status quo. The essence of the paradox Rodrik describes is that globalization does indeed offer the opportunity to induce significant growth, but only when the process is done in a manner which takes into account the economic complexities of any specific country. As a clear advocate for the benefits ofRead MoreThe Relationship Between Economic Globalization And Labor Market Power1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe relationship between economic globalization and labor market power provides empirical trends in world average and the world equality through structural bargaining power and associated power, thereby allowing workers to achieve convergence across nations (Mahutga). What labor market power does for economic globalization is that it increases the probability of labor internationalism through two models, namely, the structural model and the institutional model. Beverly Sliver, Tamara Kay, Nita RudraRead MoreThe Future Of Globalization On The East Asia1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe future of gl obalization in the East Asia Globalization has been one of the core factors contributing to the growth of the East Asia economy. This has been associated with the increasingly growth of globalization in all the aspects of life amongst the East Asian people. Additionally, globalization has led to a daily change in both the social, economic and political status of the East Asia. As such, East Asia has been known as one of the rapidly growing economies across the entire globe. More

Wealth Issues In The Great Gatsby - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1155 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Great Gatsby Essay Did you like this example? Speaks to commonwealth,class,love,and loss. Most of this book include that he was a drug dealing and he fall in love but then he want to war and she stay home wait until he come back. Then when he came back from the war he was looking for daisy because he thought they going to have a future together and the what supposed to happen then she fell in love with someone else.The Great Gatsby is relevant because it includes the topics of love,class,and drugs. In the book it stated when Nick is the narrator. It was talking about how Nick move to the west egg and he live next door to Gatsby. Then later he want to a tea party because he got a phone call said that Tom live in west egg. He hasnt seen his cousin in years and daisy was there so that how Nick meet Daisy. Daisy brought a friend. Her name is Jordan baker. Jordan and Daisy are very good friend. Jordan like Nick so she ask Daisy can she set them together and she said sure. Then when Tom hear the phone ringing. He want to answer it and Daisy,Jordan,and Nick was listening carefully. It was something about the daughter but no one knew about the daughter. They thought it was only Tom and Daisy lived in house. Then Nick ask where yall Daughter. It was quiet and nobody answer. Then after that everybody want home. High class is the rich and low class is poor. In the book it was about how the rich people used the poor people. Tom was married to daisy and he was cheated on her with Ms.Wilson. He used to buy her things so she can still with him. Then one day she died from getting hit by a yellow car. All the poor try to dress rich. Most of the poor when to Tom party because they be given away money and they just try to used them for they money and they dont realize that the rich uses them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Wealth Issues In The Great Gatsby" essay for you Create order Gatsby have a ruffle life. He was poor well grow up. His didnt have a lot of money. He lie said that he want to the war. He lie that he have rich parents and he lie that his family died. When he wa ad grow up he was good looked. He have a lot girls but he couldnt have daisy that why he so pressed over her. He didnt have a lot money so he did illegal things like sell drugs, alcohol,bomb. That how he get all that money. Think about it how to you get rich in months u must have did a lot of work.Live with people that care about you and not your money. People can turn around quick then a pencil. Most people cant ever trust the person that you really close too. Gatsby died from chasing his dream girl. Daisy dont care about Gatsby no more. People dont really relate to the American Dream but Gatsby did. He is rich the great American tragedy.Daisy dont care about Gatsby no more. People dont really relate to the American Dream but Gatsby did. He is rich the great American tragedy.In the book it was about how the rich people used the poor people. Tom was married to daisy and he was cheated on her with Ms.Wilson. He used to buy her things so she can still with him. Then one day she died from getting hit by a yellow car. All the poor try to dress rich. Most of the poor when to Tom party because they be given away money and they just try to used them for they money and they dont realize that the rich uses them. Other people will say it dont matter that you rich because why do rich people have to be used the poor people for they not important.. Who care what the poor think because they not on are level up.The poor get advantage by the rich. See the rich people didnt even care that Ms.Wilson died. That how rich people is mess up because you can be a good friend with someone who poor Live with people that care about you and not your money. People can turn around quick then a pencil. Most people cant ever trust the person that you really close too. Gatsby died from chasing his dream girl. Daisy dont care about Gatsby no more. People dont really relate to the American Dream but Gatsby did. He is rich the great American tragedy. People not even show up to their funeral. They fall in love but it want to love to hate in a few months.People can turn around quick then a pencil. Most people cant ever trust the person that you really close too. Gatsby died from chasing his dream girl. Daisy dont care a bout Gatsby no more. People dont really relate to the American Dream but Gatsby did. He is rich the great American tragedy. In the book it was about how the rich people used the poor people. Tom was married to daisy and he was cheated on her with Ms.Wilson. He used to buy her things so she can still with him. Then one day she died from getting hit by a yellow car. All the poor try to dress rich. Most of the poor when to Tom party because they be given away money and they just try to used them for they money and they dont realize that the rich uses them.Gatsby have a ruffle life. He was poor well grow up. His didnt have a lot of money. He lied said that he want to the war. He lie that he have rich parents and he lie that his family died. When he wa ad grow up he was good looked. He have a lot girls but he couldnt have daisy that why he so pressed over her. He didnt have a lot money so he did illegal things like sell drugs, alcohol,bomb. That how he get all that money. Think about it how to you get rich in months u must have done a lot of work. Other people will say it dont matter that you rich because why do rich people have to be used the poor people for they not important.. Who care what the poor think because they not on are level up.The poor get advantage by the rich. See the rich people didnt even care that Ms.Wilson died. That how rich people is mess up because you can be a good friend with someone who is poor but people not even show up to their funeral. They fall in love but it want to love to hate in a few months.

Welfare Spending During The United States - 1782 Words

Welfare spending in the United States of America has been realizing negative effects on the economic standing of American society as a whole, more specifically in terms of long term growth in poverty rates and high levels of unemployment. As of the report for fiscal year 2011, the total funds spent for the â€Å"federal welfare programs amounted to roughly $ 1.03 trillion. . . This excludes entitlement programs to which people contribute (e.g. Social Security and Medicare)†, according to Sessions, J. (2011, p.1). SS expenditures in 2011 was $725 billion while for Medicare, it amounted to $ 480 billion. The analytical findings of Brady, D.( 2009, p.81) stated that â€Å"As countries devote a larger share of their economy to welfare, poverty declines steeply.† This happened to Scandinavia, Finland, and Sweden, and European continental countries like Netherlands and Belgium. USA was identified to have high poverty and low welfare expenses. He also made clear that poverty is not necessarily increased by higher welfare generosity.(p.84) and further says that it benefits all rather than just â€Å"the elderly or men† (p.87). The 5 features of welfare state were historically proven to reduce poverty thr ough greater generosity with (1) social welfare expenditures, (2) expenditures for public health, (3) social security, (4) government expenditures, and (5) â€Å"decommodification† (p.91). Brady, D. (p.92) also contends that public employment is less effective than welfare state generosity as aShow MoreRelatedWelfare Of The United States Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesWelfare in the United States began in the 1800’s when the colonies imported British Poor Laws. Before the Great Depression began in America, the government was already supporting certain programs such as the Civil War Pension Program was that passed in 1862 that gave aid to Civil War Veterans and their families. Once the Great Depression hit, unemployment rose and President Franklin D. Roosevelt, enacted the Social Security Act in 1935. The act formed a number of programs that provided aid to a widerRead MoreWelfare System : A Need Of Reform1022 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare System: In Need of Reform During the past two decades, predominantly since the mid-1990s, congress has intensely restructured the nation’s system of cash welfare assistance for low-income families. The welfare system was intended to be a safety net for those facing economic poverties in order to help workers get back on their feet. However, welfare programs seem to have spiked the unemployment percentage and increased expenditure on social welfare programs at expeditious rates. Although supportersRead MoreEconomic Effects Of Labor Abuse1267 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Effects of Labor Abuse Many companies state that labor exploitation is necessary in order to increase corporate profits however; the amount of increased profits is small. According to David Barboza (2008), a writer for the New York Times and winner of the Pulitzer prize for international reporting, â€Å"In 2007, factories that supplied more than a dozen corporations, including Wal-Mart, Disney and Dell, were accused of unfair labor practices, including using child labor, forcing employees toRead MoreI Am Writing About The Social Welfare System Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesI am writing about the Social Welfare System. How a system that was created for the purpose of helping the needy, has now become a highway for people to abuse of it. This public policy program has come to be a very controversial subject on both sides of the political arena. Originally created during the Great Depression, where the majority of households, through no fault of their own were living in poverty. Although many changes to the system have been made, the original focus is the same. ToRead MoreEssay on Obama and the National Debt1185 Words   |  5 Pagessoccer camps, vacations, etc. than you earn by working, you go into debt. Once you are in debt, it is difficult to get out if you don’t change your spending because all the money you make the next year will be overspent the same way and then last year’s debt will be added to this year’s debt. Even if you get a raise, if you don’t change your spending, you will still be further in debt. Look at this example for a family: they spend $100,000 a year; their income is $75,000 a year, so their debt isRead MoreEssay about Hcr 230 Week 3 Assignment the Welfare Reform Act1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe Welfare Reform Act HCR/230—Claims Prep II Jeana Timmcke University of Phoenix—Axia College The Welfare Reform Act Welfare has been a controversial issue since the 1960s, and continues to be a controversial issue. During the late 1980s, citizens were calling for reform of the Welfare System. Due to citizen concern the Personal Responsibility, Welfare and Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) came into effectRead MoreA Single Payer Healthcare System1691 Words   |  7 Pagesright. Though not explicitly stated, it is a right that the United States recognizes in their Constitution. It is through exploring the foundation upon which the United States was built and describing the current healthcare system, that I will advocate for adopting a single-payer healthcare system in the United States. Signed on September 17th, 1787, the preamble of the United States Constitution declares, â€Å"we the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justiceRead MoreWelfare Recipients Should Be Periodically Tested for Drugs822 Words   |  3 Pages In today’s society about 12,800,000 people are supported by government welfare programs for help with their financial necessities. The argument everyone is making nowadays, is whether or not they should be drug testing recipients of welfare. I agree with this strongly because I know that if I were paying taxes on this program I would not want someone going out and abusing this privilege on drugs. People collecting welfare, or other government assistance, should be drug tested because if they areRead MoreThe Effects Of Welfare On The United States1455 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the United States of America first began, there were small villages with men and women of varying degrees of wealth. Like any society, there were people who had little money and poor living conditions while others were wealthy. In the colonies of the new world, the church and the neighbors of those in poverty helped provide food and clothing, while also finding ways to improve their daily lives. These acts of kindness were an enormous help to the poor but sadly became less effective to thoseRead More The Progressive Era Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe beginning of the twentieth century was a time of great social change and economic growth in the United States. The progressive era was a time in which Americans were innovating in social welfare. In the progressive period the government needed to take action in the role of economy, regulating big business, immigration, and urban growth. Once the great depression happened in which America’s economy faltered people started to panic. For Americans the main issues asked were how to make society work

Distribution of Powers Crown Court Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Distribution of Powers Crown Court. Answer: Division of Powers Along with the court of appeal and the High Court of Justice the Crown Court of England and Wales is one of the constituent parts of the senior Court system in England and Wales. In criminal cases Crown Court is the highest court at first instance. However in certain situations the High Court and its divisional quotes higher in hierarchy then the Crown Court. The court operates around 92 location across England and Wales. The HM courts and tribunals services conduct the administration of the Crown Court. HM court and Tribunal services which previously operated in 6 circuits and now divided in 7 regions. The reason of whales had been identified separately with respect to the wall legislative powers provided to the Welsh assembly. The Crown Court is also known as Central Criminal Court when it operates in the city of London. The central Criminal Court which has been established through its own Act of parliament is the centre of the Crown quotes and is a venue where most of the serious criminal cases are heard. Four primary activities are handled by Crown quotes which include jury trials, appeal against magistrate Court decisions, sentencing the defendants provided by the magistrate Court and sentencing those who has been convicted by the Crown Court either at the time of trial or when pleading guilty. The average time which is taken by the Crown Court till completion of a case from start is 177 days (GOV.UK, 2017). Instead of talking about a location at which the Crown Court is situated in common practice where any venue is referred as a Crown Court such as the Teesside crown court. The judges who presided over the proceedings in a clown coat are generally recorders, circuit judges and High Court Judges. Recorders all solicitors or barristers who are in private practice and sit part time as judges. In the court the most serious of the cases such as rape murder or treason are allocated to the senior Circus judges and High Court Judges. Other cases are allocated to the recorders and circuit judges although the most minor case is are allocated to the recorders. The allocation of the cases is done with respect to the orders of Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. The criminal justice Administration Act 1956 had laid down provisions for the establishment of crown quotes at Manchester and Liverpool for the purpose of enhancing the handling of criminal cases in South Lancashire. The court had been established by the Court Act 1971 on 1st January 1972. Gaining access I had visited the Crown Court of London which is the central Criminal Court for the purpose of analysing ethnography of the court. I had visited the Crown Court of London which is the central Criminal Court for the purpose of analysing ethnography of the court. During the entrance I had to go through various security checks. The security checks were conducted at various intervals in the entrance of the court. There was no carelessness by the security officers while checking those who wanted to visit the court for any reason. I was asked to switch off my mobile phone and not click any photographs inside the court. While entering the court I had to provide the security personal with my personal identity card so that they could verify my identity. At the first Security Check I was scrutinized to an electronic machine. At another Security Check Post I was physically checked by the security personals. I got to know that the security in the court is so high because a person has been stoppe d at one of the Crown court premises few months ago. Therefore the security officers were thoroughly checking each and every person who wanted to enter the court. No person is allowed to carry any kind of weapon inside the court premises instead of security officers. Any electronic gadget which can be a threat to the security of the court are also not allowed inside the court premises. It was notified to me that if I click any pictures inside the court my mobile phone would be confiscated. In addition it was also provided to me that if my mobile phone rings during the court proceedings the judge may order for the confiscation of my mobile phone. Once I entered the main Court Building security officers who were armed with guns were posted at every floor of the court. In addition Police officers were also accompanying criminals who are to be trial that the court. Overall the security of the Crown Court was very high and well established. The judges of the court sit on a large bench which is laid on a raised platform at the front of the court. The distinction between the judges is done through the colour of the gown with their wearing along with certain forms which are used to address the different rank of the judges. At most locations your honour is used for recorders and circuit judges where as my lady or my lord are used for the judges of high courts along with all judges at Central criminal courts. The judges enter the courtroom through a doll which is typically located at the side of the raised platform which is preceded by directions of all rise from the clerk or Usher of the court who set before the judges bench. Every person present in the court room is required to show his or her respect to the judges by standing up while they enter or exit the courtroom. Unlike other quotes there is no national flag in the Crown court and the judges also do not have a gavel. However a royal coat of arms is hung on the wall a bove the judges bench. Characteristics: Judges The role of the judges is to ensure that justice is provided to those who are innocent by providing the wrongdoer will appropriate punishment. The judges have to provide such justice by weighing the evidence provided by the plaintiff and the defendant. The judges do not have any idea what actually happened in a crime scene and therefore their decisions are only based on the submissions which have been provided to them by the parties. The judges of the court has to be impartial while making the decision. While attending a court hearing at the crown court I got to know that the judges do not take into consideration any material which is not a part of the evidence. The court case which I witnessed was in relation to rape. The media through newspapers and television has already portrayed before the society that the defendant has committed the crime. However I observed that the judge did not take into consideration any of such external factor and were acting in an impartial manner. This d epicted the nature of the judges that they only believe in what has been provided to them regardless of their personal belief. Even if they knew that the defendant has committed the crime they cannot express their feelings unless the crime has been established by the prosecutor through substantial evidence. Prosecutor The role of the prosecutor is prove before the judge that the defendant has committed the crime. The prosecutor does so on the basis of police investigation reports and the relevant provisions of law required to establish the crime through various tests. The public prosecutor is paid by the government for the services provided to them however they have a reputation at stake in a legal proceedings which may be enhanced to decrease based on the outcome of the case. The public prosecutor tries everything to prove before the judge that the defendant has committed the crime. The role of the prosecutor however is very different form the judge in terms of character. While the judges have to have an impartial character in legal proceedings the prosecutor has a very bias nature where his or her only motive is to provide that the defendant is liable for the crime. These observations had been made by me based on what I saw in the court with respect to one proceeding only. However as stated be F unnell (2007), it is the nature of the human beings to perceive what they have witness once is going to occur again and again. My observations may have been different in any other case but another case which was witnessed by me on the same day did not change my mind as I observed the same patter with respect to the prosecutor. Defendant Attorney The lawyer representing the defendant has the role to counter the claims and allegation which have been made by the police and the prosecutor against the defendant. Practically in the modern legal system the defendant attorney has the role of protecting the defendant who he or she knows to have committed the crime even in case such facts have been admitted by the defendant themselves before the defendant attorney. Unlike sworn while initiating legal practice that they would always take the side of justice and never support injustice the defendant attorney protect the defendants for monetary as well and reputational benefits (Scheffer, 2002). The defendant attorney was cross examining a witness during the court proceeding observed by me in one of the cases. The cross examination was conducted in such a manner that he was putting words into the mouth of the witness by using personal skills developed through the course of his professional career. There was no attempt at all on the part of the defendant attorney to strive to extract the truth which is theoretically their actual role. After the proceedings had been concluded all the arguments between the prosecutor and the defendant ended with a hand shake and all smiles as if nothing had happed and they were best of the friends. This made be derive a conclusion that they are very professional and do not take the fight outside the court room. Juries Juries have a significant rue to play in the English legal system. They are used for criminal trials at the crown court. Juries are those members who are selected randomly from the electron registered and must not in any way connected to the case they are required to judge. The role of the Jury is to make an informal decision about the question that whether the defendant is guilty or innocent (Callaghan, 2005). Express notification is provided to the juries requesting them to base their decisions only on the evidence submitted by both the parties to the case and not upon any external matter. Normally the Jury is only listen to what the parties and their attorneys have to provide in relation to a case but in serious situations to me also be asked to visit the Crime scene by the judges. During my court visit observed that jury was sitting quietly and listening to what the parties have to say about the case. However I had seen two of the jury members outside the court reading a newspape r where the defendant was considered as a rapist. They were having a discussion that search a person should be provided with the highest of punishments. Therefore I had a serious doubt about how impartial the Jury is towards adjudging a case. I could not complete my observation and yes I did not observe the full hearing of the case over time as it is conducted over several days. However what was depicted to me initially by the Jury was that sitting and looking at Each Other without taking any significant interest and the case facts. They were agreeing with whatever the prosecutor or the defendant attorney had to submit in relation to the respective parties. Although there may be chances that the Jury was actually analysing the submissions made by the parties to the case it was difficult for me to believe so. Public Other than the judges, lawyers, parties, clerks, security officers and the Jury the general public may also be sometimes present in a court proceedings. This may include student pursuing low as their career, media personals, relatives of the parties to the case and relatives of the attorneys. These people have little or no knowledge about what is going on in the court proceedings is there visiting the code for the first time. The only believe whatever is told to babe as it is very difficult for them to analyse any fact based on their own understanding. They do not have any significant role to play and the court proceedings other than providing mental support to the party involved in the case. References Callaghan, E. (2005). What they learn in court: Student observations of legal proceedings. Teaching Sociology, 33(2), 213-220. Criminal courts: Crown Court - GOV.UK. (2017). Gov.uk. Retrieved 30 November 2017, from https://www.gov.uk/courts/crown-court Funnell, R. (2007) Representations of Reality in a Court of Law. Scheffer, T. (2002). Exploring court hearings: towards a research design for a comparative ethnography on witnessing in court.. Department of Sociology On-line Publications, Lancaster University. https://www. lancaster. ac. uk/fass/sociology/research/publications/papers_alpha. htmst (accessed February 13, 2015).

Organisational Culture of Aldi Essay Example

Organisational Culture of Aldi Paper Executive summary In an effort to better understand one of the main important aspects of Organisational Behaviour; Organisational culture change, one of the most important aspects of the Organisation was identified for study. This report will provide an insight on the Organisational culture of Aldi, and provide a possible methodology for organisational culture change . This report therefore gives an analysis of the current culture of the organisation, referring to the present business practices and the values and ways in which the organisation is run. Despite the effectiveness of this current culture, and the challenges of ‘change’ of any sort, there is however a need for change in the culture as they exist some loop holes in this culture which needs to be addressed in order to gain a competitive advantage and improve the profitability and performance of the Organisation. The overall purpose of this report is therefore to identify the organisational culture, define the strengths and weaknesses, and provide recommendations for culture change. The procedures required a general survey and research on Aldi, after which an organisational culture was defined and the elements of the culture stated. The indication of the culture allowed for the recommendation of some main areas of concern and for immediate or proposed actions which could be implemented. It also established a base line for which future measurements can be made, maintaining of strengths and improvements of weaknesses. Table of contents. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Culture of Aldi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Culture of Aldi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Culture of Aldi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 Table of content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Case background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Body Current Culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Need for change†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 8 Culture Change†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Resistance to change†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Reccomendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 Case Background. Soon after the second world war Aldi was formed by two brothers Karl Albrecht and Theo Albrecht. The two siblings born in 1920 and 1922 respectively were sons of a miner and lived in Schonebeck a suburb in the Essen region of Germany. While they were kids, their dad contracted a lung disease and had to quit mining to work n a bakery. The chain is made up of two separate groups; Aldi Nord (North) operating as ALDI MARKT and Aldi Sud, operating as Aldi Sud , which operate separately from each other within specific market boundaries. These individual groups were owned and managed by the two brothers. Their mother however maintained a small grocery store close to their home to make ends meet. Karl and Theo attended middle school and then went on to do training with Karl doing a training at the delicatessen and Theo at his mother’s grocery store. After returning from army duty after the second world war in 1945, they took over their mother’s store and in the post war years the brothers expanded the business rapidly. In 1948, soon after the German currency reform, the Albrechts’ incorporated their business as the Albrecht Discount store (Aldi). The two brothers however split in 1960 over a dispute on whether to sell cigarettes at the Till or not. Aldi expanded internationally in the 1970’s , specifically expanding into the UK in 1989 with a total of 421 outlets in the UK. Introduction As the economic or business environment is increasingly changing and getting more dynamic, it is very essential for organisations and companies to change their organisational culture to adapt to this changing environment and therefore achieve a competitive advantage over its competitors. Culture can be defined as a set of shared values, shared beliefs and customary ways of thinking doing things, which shape and guides the ways of organisational members. Culture is therefore very crucial as it has the ability to influence the processes or the activities of employees and the functioning of the organisation without necessarily imposing measures and control. All Organisations posses a distinct form of culture with some having more than a single culture. This culture is usually very difficult to measure, change and most especially change. This report is going to present the current culture of Aldi, critically examining its current culture and possible proposal for a change in culture. It identifies the current organisational culture, its strengths and weaknesses and make recommendations necessary for an organisational culture change. A descriptive methodology will be used to determine the current culture of the Organisation, through research and survey from the Organisation’s website and from current employees. This is going to give us a general picture of the current culture and also analysed to determine how effective the current culture is. Having given a brief summary of what this report is going to contain, I will now discuss the detail of Aldi ‘s current culture and a possible culture change of the Organisation in the main part of the report below. ALDI’s CURRENT CULTURE AND FINDINGS Edgar Schein’s (2004) model of culture which is widely accepted, considers Organisational culture in three different levels , each distinguished by its visibility and accessibility by individuals. These levels are artefacts and creation, values and beliefs and basic assumptions. However, Charles Handy( 1978), suggested Organisations could be classified into a broad range of four cultures. This formation of culture will depend u[on a whole host of factors including company history, ownership , organisation structure environments and others. One of the cultures he suggested was the â€Å"Power Culture† which he suggested reflects the concentration of power of a family-owned business, either extremely large or small. Aldi’s organisational culture has been highly influenced by its founders. The cultural values and rules of Aldi clearly reflect the Organisation’s philosophy , guiding principles and strategy. Dieter Brandes a former Managing Director of Aldi described the culture as one of ‘simplicity’. The Aldi model which is based on a simple concept of which is the provision of highly quality products at low prices, is clearly understood by managers, employees and customers. The managers at all levels and the employees pay particular attention to economic efficiency and are very cost conscious. Waste or defects is not tolerable in the organisation at any point, therefore the staffs have a culture of striving to avoid the possibility of waste. This culture originally instigated by the founders of cost efficiency could be demonstrated, for Theo Albrecht is said to have personally switched off the lights in offices when there was enough daylight from outside. This concept of ‘cost watching’ extends into all areas of the value chain , including the development of new techniques for the warehouse management or for the transportation of goods. This is very obvious in the Aldi stores as they have a buy your own bag policy where the customers have to purchase their bags or bring along their bags for shopping. The aim is to find small improvements in all areas and to develop pleasure in achieving small successes. This culture of continuous improvement, is accompanied by the strong focus on the development and implementation of solutions. According to Brandes, the people of Aldi can be described as practitioners, new ideas and solutions are tried, rather than being exposed to detailed analysis, if they prove to be successful then they are implemented quickly. In addition to its focus on continuous improvement and economic efficiency, the organisational culture is also characterised by determination and persistence. As outlined above, there have been very few changes in Aldi’s business approach since its foundation. Aldi has consequently pursued its business concept and has resisted temptations such as expanding its number of products, diversifying into other areas and changing its cost leadership strategy. This is an important trait of its culture namely continue doing what they do best. This Organisational culture is reinforced by Aldi’s recruitment and selection approach. Aldi tend to select, promote and train managerial talents from inside the organisation. Important qualities for potential managers are a focus on economic efficiency, fairness towards others , including suppliers modesty and reservation towards the public and the press. These behavioural characteristics are reinforced by job descriptions outlining clear goals and competencies. Aldi managers have usually been employed from different sections of the organisation, both from the stores and warehouse with these employees having a broad knowledge and experience on how the organisation operates and have digested and accepted the organisational culture. For example the area managers will have to undergo a one year training program in which they learn about the structural and procedural elements of retail management, including store operations, administration and logistics and property management. An important part of this training includes Aldi’s management system, including its focus on economic efficiency. The first part of the training takes place in the store where future area managers takes over the responsibilities of the store managers for a certain period of time. This â€Å"hands-on† approach used by Aldi aims at acquainting them with the organisation’s operations and also its business philosophy and core values. During the second part of this training, the area managers will then work alongside the experienced colleagues , this will therefore help them learn their roles and responsibilities. This includes the tasks of planning, recruitment and organisation of the stores. The Aldi culture has been effective and has been the push for the organisation to be in the position and enable them to obtain the profits they have earned so far. Aldi has also grown internationally over the years, with the most recent globalisation in Poland in 2008 with a total number of 54 outlets at present. Aldi which originally had a reputation and being ridiculed as cheap selling low quality products, with their customers branded as poor and could not shop anywhere else, this did not however dent Aldi’s profits and gradually the German consumers discovered that this poor reputation of Aldi’s products was either undeserved or economically justifiable. Therefore Aldi was definitely able and is still able to strive for continuity and a going concern of the organisation with its current culture. However they are several criticisms of Aldi ‘s current culture mainly due to the changes in the economic environment and the constant changes in consumers’ behaviours. These criticisms are classified below as; NEED FOR CHANGE * Given the recent forces and changes in the economic environment and a constant increase in competition, it is absolutely necessary for Aldi to change and improve on certain cultural norm such as the culture which tolerates recent ideas being tried rather than being exposed to detailed analysis is outdated and ineffective. For example new products are not subjected to elaborate market research but are rather tested in three stores and if they achieve a fast moving pre-determined minimum turn over, then they are introduced in all other shops. However this is not an effective strategy because the shops chosen for the exposure might be situated in a strategic area, where particular customers are targeted and therefore a high turnover. This will definitely mislead the decision to accept this products which might lead to its introduction to other stores which might not produce the same turnover. * Aldi has also resisted the temptation of introducing and expanding its number of products and also diversifying into other areas, for example services such as banking services and other products such as mobile phones. The growth of the market recently is very rapid, with increasing demands and innovation and therefore organisations need to grow proportionately to be able to meet to the consumers demands and this can be achieved by expanding, with organisation’s constantly changing their strategies. * Another aspect of the Aldi culture which can be criticised refers to the culture of customers being obliged to buy their bags or bring their bags for shopping. Despite this being a cost effective method for Aldi and also a very efficient way of encouraging recycling, it is however very inconveniencing for some customers who will prefer to shop somewhere else, in a case where they forgot to bring along a shopping bag and therefore leading to a loss in income from these group of customers. * Aldi’s culture is also reinforced by its selection and recruitment process or method. Aldi has a culture of internally selecting, recruiting and training of managers. This is cost efficient for the organisation and also enables them maintain their culture, but however this discourages innovations, idea and therefore promotes stereotypes and discourages initiatives and ideas. * The Aldi culture also is extremely focused on cost efficiency and ignores all the external and internal opportunities for growth and developments. The above points indicates that there is an important need for change in the culture of the organisation. Therefore, the above driving forces which can be classified under the main headings of external forces that is from customer needs and the external environment and also internal forces such as the need for organisational growth and restructuring. However these forces for change will be met by the driving forces against change. These forces can be distinguished into individual resistance and organisational resistance. Aldi Culture change. Richard Whittington and Michael Mayer (2002) argued that the reorganisation or the ability to redesign the organisation’s structure frequently is now vital to Organisations. This therefore supports the fact that a change of culture is very critical to Organisations in order to improve their performance. Changing a culture generally means changing some of the organisation’s beliefs, values and the customary ways of doing things. This is usually often disruptive as change is usually met with resistance. They are several underlying reasons why individuals resist change and they include: * Loss of Power base: It is very obvious that an introduction to a change in the current Aldi culture will be met with resistance most probably by the management as they will find it hard to cope with the fact that they might loss power or control of the situation. Dislike of Uncertainty and ambiguity: A change in the Aldi culture will mean the employees will be unsure of the future and this is definitely going to motivate a resistance. * Fear of unknown: An attempt at the culture change might lead to the need of employing new staffs externally, which will lead to pressure on the current Aldi employees as their current culture means recruitment of managers is often done internally. Effectively they will be a resistance to change due to the fear of what might happen. Perceived lack of new skills and loss of old: A change of Aldi culture could also be met with fierce resistance by individuals because they are not sure of how the new ways of doing things will be or if they will be skilled enough to cope with the new culture. They might also be some insecurities and fear of losing their old skills. Individuals therefore have different reasons as to why they resist change and therefore their reactions will be different. This reaction could either be positive, such as enthusiasm, excitement, fulfilment, survival and others. However some individuals may have a negative reaction to change such as anger, stress, confusion, conflicts, fear and depression. Change does not however affect just the employees or members of the organisation, it does affect all the stakeholders of that organisation, either positively or negatively. Therefore the Aldi culture change will also affect its customers, suppliers, shareholders and the society as a whole. Culture change therefore, needs to be done in a very systematic, dynamic and slow way as a rapid change will definitely lead to disaster as people might resist to change and sometimes even become aggressive. They are several theories which were put in place in order to assist Organisations in the change process. Some of these theories include; * Lewin’s Force Field model of change: Lewin stated that an organisational change will occur when the forces for change strengthen and the restraining forces lessen or if both forces occur simultaneously. This is effective in the case of Aldi employees who are likely to resist to a change in culture. The management should therefore focus on lessening the resistance to change by training communicating the benefits of the change to the staffs and the other stakeholders of Aldi. Information will be very crucial in attempts at lessening the resistance. However this theory might not be very effective as there is no stated fact hat, by communicating the benefits of change, they will be a corresponding decrease in the resistance as some individuals might just be adamant and reluctant to change. * Strebel’s possible change paths : According to Strebel, the Management of Aldi, should divide the employees according to different levels of change, that is those individuals who are closed to change, those who are open to change and the third level will be those who can be opened to change. By so doing, the management can therefore use three different options depending on the level. These options could either be proactive, reactive or rapid. This theory is can be used in different parts of the organisation and therefore it is flexible and also it is advantageous because it gives detailed strategies to be used. However this theory could be complicated, and is also based on the assumption that the individuals in Aldi are grouped in the different levels. The Beer et al’s six steps could also be used by the management of Aldi to implement the cultural change. This is a fairly easy model to use in an Organisation where it is easy to change and it is also very detailed and involves the employees and therefore mobilises commitment. Therefore if the individuals or employees in Aldi are open to change, the Beer et al model could be implemented effectively to minimise the resistance and successively change the culture. However if Aldi is a very anti -change organisation, then it will be difficult to deal with the resistance using this model * Kotter and Schlesinger (2008): This model states possible ways to deal with resistance to change and I will therefore recommend the management of Aldi to use this model to reduce the resistance to change because it involves; a) Education and communication; The management should begin by communicating and educating the current stakeholders of Aldi, the reasons for change, the benefits for a ulture change and also the way or method by which the change is going to occur. This will therefore increase commitment and reconcile opposing views. b) Participation and involvement: Aldi’s management should also involve the employees in the planning process of change as well as the implementation as this is going to reduce fear and opposition from the stakeholders. ) Facilitation and support: The management should be able to encourage and support those involved in t his change, by developing individual awareness of the need for change, as well as self awareness of feelings towards change. d) Manipulation and Co-optation: The top management could also use a method of bringing forward proposals that appeal to the specific interests of Aldi’s stakeholders. ) Explicit and implicit coercion: This is another method, which could be used where there is profound disagreement between those concerned with the change, and a very little probability of anyone shifting their ground. This method will resort to threat and force but no violence. f) Negotiation and agreement: Powerful individuals and groups may resist changes that may damage their intersests, as such the top management could overcome this resistance by compromising and negotiating to meet their concerns. However useful this model is to overcome the resistance, it has got some short falls and it could also be generally viewed as a vague model. It will be very time consuming for the top management to use educative measures, participative and involvement methods to overcome this resistance especially in instances where there is an urgent need for change. Also negotiation can encourage the individuals to strike deals and future problems may arise from those who feel they were manipulated into accepting the change. In the explicit and implicit coercion, the person implementing the change must be powerful for this method to be effective. It is therefore very likely that the top management of Aldi is going to be met with resistance if they are to change their culture, however should be ready to overcome this resistance from the individuals and groups by taking into consideration some of these models mentioned above. Recommendations Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman, opined that some of the riskiest work we do has to do with altering the Organisation’s culture. Emotions run high and almost everyone feels threatened. However this is absolutely necessary because if Organisations do not have strong notions of themselves as it is reflected in their values, myths, stories and legends, people’s only security comes from where they live in the organisation. If this is threatened and in the absence of some grander corporate purpose, then the closest thing they have to meaning in their business lives has been threatened. I strongly agree with this as the employees and other stakeholders of Aldi, have become very comfortable with the current culture that they do not see the need for change despite the increasing change in the business and economic environment . f these changes becomes very threatening, then the entire Organisation will be threatened. The following recommendations could benefit Aldi ‘s new culture. i. Aldi could take a major step of diversifying its product range and trying other products depending on the market and environment. Aldi could do a survey and research on the needs and requirements of customers in different area and also carry out some benchmarking with its competitors to identify and implement new products. An example of this could be illustrated by Tesco, who diversified their product range, introducing products like tesco mobile which is successful and generating more profits for its shareholders. ii. Secondly , Aldi’s top management should also endeavour to take actions on their recruitment process, by recruiting from out of the Organisation, therefore bringing into their organisation, new skills, knowledge and initiatives which could help to enhance their innovative strategies and create some competitive advantages. ii. Aldi could also focus less on their cost efficiency technics and focus more on customers satisfaction. By exceeding customers expectations, it is more likely to create customer value for money and also create loyalty. If loyalty is created, then the customers could be willing to buy at any increased prices due to a reputation already perceived. Aldi can also provide customer satisfaction by trivial things such providing shopping bags to their customers. iv. Aldi could also become more customer focused by introducing loyalty cards and systems such as the points collection system done by competitors such as Sainsburys’ nectar cards, and the Tescos’ club card which was first introduced by Tesco and is one of the main reason why Tesco became top retail groceries stores in the UK. Above are a few recommendations which Aldi could adopt as a new culture to be able to become unique and gain some competitive priorities. Conclusion Ann Cunlife (2008) stated that Organisational culture is important for four reasons; it shapes the image that the society has for an organisation, it influences organisational performance, it provides direction for the company, and it helps attract and retain motivated staff. This is very important in the growth of organisations and the culture of an organisation will determine and influence their performance and the achievement of their goals. This implies that organisations at some point need to ensure that their current culture is good enough to enable them achieve their goals , improve their performance and maintain growth. This might often lead to change which will not be an easy task but is a necessary task. Aldi will not take a single day to change its culture as the culture did not occur in a day’s time. It is therefore very important for the top management to understand that a change in culture should not be done rapidly as this is going to lead to a disaster and disorder. However time should be taken and this change and ideas should be discussed and communicated properly to the various stakeholders before a gradual adoption of the new culture is carried out. A radical change of culture could never be effective as it could be illustrated in the Barclays/’ Lehman case study which led to several staffs departure during the merger. References Mullins L, Management and Organisational Behaviour, 9th Edition, Pearson Education. Buchhannan D, Huczynski A,(2003), Organisational behaviour: Emerging Realities for the workplace Revolution, 2nd Edition. Johnson, G. , Scholes, K. , Whittington, R. (2006). Exploring Corporate Strategy. Essex: Pearson Education. Robbins, S. .. , Judge, T. A. (2007). Organisational Behaviour. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Buelens, M. , Broeck, H. V. , Vanderyden, K. , Kreitner, R. , Kinicki, A. (2006). Organisation Behaviour. Berkshire: McGraw Hill Education. Anon. (2009). Edgar H. Scheins Model of Organizational Culture . Retrieved September 3rd, 2011, from Business mate. org: http://www. businessmate. org/Article. php? ArtikelId=36 Anon. (2010). Frederick herzberg motivational theory. Retrieved September 3rd, 2011, from Businessballs: http://www. businessballs. com/herzberg. htm Anon. (2003, October Thursday 09). Critical succss Factor for Change. Retrieved September 3rd, 2011, from AMEinfo. com: http://www. ameinfo. com/29295. html Area manager’, http://uk. aldi. com/recruitment/recruitment_2. html (accessed 12. 09. 11). www. aldi. co. uk accessed on 04/09/2011

Evolution of Dogs from the Gray Wolf

Evolution of Dogs from the Gray Wolf Introduction The domestic dog is a member of the Canidae family. This is a biologically cohesive group of carnivores and consists of thirty-eight species (Serpell 10). thus far, man has managed to fully domesticate the dog (Canis familiaris) although he has also attempted to breed the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in captivity for their fur (Klinghammer and Goodmann 36). Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Evolution of Dogs from the Gray Wolf specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The current paper tries to show the link between the modern domesticated dog and the grey wolf using documented evidence from morphological, molecular, and DNA investigations. Tracing the origin of the domesticated dog In 1868, Darwin argued that the various domesticated varieties of the dog could have originated from several wild species or from a single wild species. A number of authors contend tha t the domesticated dog could have originated from the jackal, the wolf, or other unknown and extinct species (Serpell 10). Darwin also suggested that it would be almost impossible to ascertain the origin of the domesticated dog. However, the combined results of vocalisation, morphological behavior and molecular biology of the domesticated dog now show that the wolf is the principle ancestor of the dog (Grandin and Johnson 87). In the 1950s, Konrad Lorenz proposed that certain modern breeds of the dog could have been the descendants of the wolf, while others could have originated from the jackal. However, Lorenz soon realised that the jackal had a characteristic and complicated howling repertoire that is quite different from that of the wolf or dog. This discovery made Lorenz to rescind his earlier view that the domestic dog could have been a descendant of the jackal (Serpell 11). Another hotly contested idea is the origin of the Australia dingo. Molecular and anatomical investigat ions indicate that the dingo may be categorized as a feral dog of ancient descent. In addition, these findings reveal close resemblance between the Australian dingo, the wolf, and the pariah dogs in South-east Asia. What are the ‘precursors of the modern domesticated dog? Bones belonging to wolves in the Middle Pleistocene period have been found alongside those of early hominida. This association is indicative of an overlapping of the hunting activities and occupation of wolves and humans. Human hunters may also have killed wolves occasionally for their skins which they used as clothing (Serpell 12). Advertising Looking for research paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Once in a while, human hunters would be accompanied by a live pup that they ended up eating but occasionally, such a pup would get accustomed to the family group, effectively becoming tamed. The wolf pups that turned out to be less s ubmissive with maturity would undoubtedly be driven away or killed. Others that showed signs of submission were tamed by humans (Savolainen et al 1611). Such tamed wolves are the precursors of the true domesticated dog, although they are many generations apart. Some remains of these animals that were discovered at late glacial sites reveal slight morphological differences in comparison with the remains of wild wolves. Wolf skulls believed to belong to the last Ice Age have also been retrieved at Fairbanks, Alaska. This are thought to be approximately 10,000 years old. These wolf skulls are characterized by shortened facial regions and for this reason, they are thought to be the remains of tamed wolves. This information is supported by evidence of humans having crossed into North America via the Bering Straits around this time. Theories of domestication of dogs from wolves Although it is still not clear how the actual domestication of the Grey Wolf took place, nonetheless, a number of theories have been proposed on how the domestication process took place. One such theory has to do with the orphaned wolf-cubs. Several studies have suggested that humans were able to tame and socialize some wolf pups that they took while still young. One study has also endeavoured to show that it is possible to socialize the adult wolves successfully (Koler-Matznick 99). In contrast, other scholars contend that socializing adult wolves can be time consuming especially when pups are more than 21 days old. Many scientists are convinced that the early humans adopted orphaned wolf cubs and then proceeded to nurse them. Thereafter, the adopted wolves began to breed, in effect bringing forth â€Å"wolf-like† domesticated animals. As more generations of these â€Å"wolf-like† domesticated animals were born, they bore a lot of resemblance to dogs. Another theory holds that the early wolves were scavengers and as such, they would often be attracted by the refuse that huma ns left behind at campsites. Some of these wolves proved quite successful in their ability to interact with humans and as a result, these traits were passed on to future generations. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Evolution of Dogs from the Gray Wolf specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ultimately, there emerged a generation of wolves that had a tendency to be domesticated. Humans decided to keep those dogs that showed the least amount of fear and those that demonstrated high level of socialization. Consequently, the early dog developed unique traits that we can now recognize the modern day dog. One of the behavioural characteristics of the gray wolf that made it easier for humans to domesticate them is what is known as â€Å"flight distance†. Flight distance is a measure of the level of closeness that an animal can allow something that it considers dangerous before deciding to run away. If an animal has a shorter flight distance, it means that it is not scared by the presence of humans even when feeding. Such a behavioural trait might have been passed down to successive generations of the animals and over time it was amplified to the point that the animals felt comfortable in the presence of humans. Ideally, wolves are believed to have separated into two populations. The first group was made up of a pack of hunters while the second group was made up of village-oriented scavengers. Although there are scanty details as to how the next steps evolved, however, sustaining these two divergent populations must have required the presence of selective pressure. DNA evidence Prior to the development of the DNA technology, scientists held two schools of thought regarding the origin of the domesticated dog. Most of the researchers assumed that the early dogs were the descendants of the tamed wolves and through interbreeding and evolving, this had resulted in a domesticated species. We als o have another school of thought that suggests that the modern dog is the distant descendant of the wolf. The same school of thought also believes that the jackal and the coyote could also have been distant relatives of the modern dog. However, DNA evidence now points at the wolf as the sole ancestor of the domesticated dog. One scientist who has done a lot of DNA work on the ancestors of the domesticated dog is Carles Vila. Through his numerous studies, he has analyzed various types of wolf DNA from some 27 populations across North America, Europe and Asia (Vila et al 1687). He has also compared the results of his studies with DNA of some 67 breeds of modern dogs from various parts of the world.Advertising Looking for research paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More DNA evidence has revealed the most diverse group of wolves possess similar sequences to the ones found in the most ancient breeds of the domesticated dog, including the dingo of Australia. The German Shepherd Dog was shown to share a close resemblance to wolf sequences, in comparison with the sequences of the main dog group (Vila et al 1688). This is a sign that such breeds may have been produced by crossing wild wolves with dogs. Conclusion Over the years, a lot of research has been carried out on the origin of the domesticated dog, with scientists divided into two schools of through. The first and largest school of through believed that dogs could have been the descendants of the gray wolf. Other scientists suggested that the older domesticated dog could have been the descendant of the red fox, or even the raccoon. However, there is now compelling evidence to suggest that the early humans most likely domesticated the modern dog from the gray wolf. This assertion has been supporte d by molecular, morphological and DNA evidence that point at a closer relationship between the domesticated dog, and the gray wolf, more than the red fox and the raccoon. However, because the origins of some of the morphological differences between wolves and dogs are still not clear, there is need to undertake more DNA studies. Such studies also need to be supplemented by a re-evaluation of canidae fossil and archaeological records so that we can resolve the many questions regarding one of man’s ancient domesticated animal. Grandin, Temple and Catherine, Johnson. Animals in translation, New York, NY: Scriber, 2005. Print. Klinghammer, Erich and Goodmann, Patricia. Chapter 2: Socialization and management of wolves in captivity. In Frank, Harry. Man and Wolf: Advances, Issues, and Problems in Captive Wolf Research. The Hague, The Netherlands: Dr  W.  Junk Publishers, 1987. Print. Koler-Matznick, Janice. The origin of the dog revisited. Anthrozoos, 15.2(2002):98–11 8. Print. Savolainen, Peter, Zhang, Jing, Luo, Joakim Lundeberg, and Thomas Leitner. â€Å"Genetic Evidence for an East Asian Origin of Domestic Dogs. Science, 298. 5598(2002): 1610–1613. Print. Serpell, James. The domestic dog: its evolution, behavior, and interactions with people. Cambridge, Mass: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Print. Vila, Carles, Peter, Savolainen, Jesus, Maldonado, John, Rice and Rodney, Honeycutt. Multiple and ancient origins of the domestic dog. Science, 276.5397(1997): 1687-1689. Print.

Marry Wollstonecraft Womens Right Research Paper

Marry Wollstonecraft Womens Right - Research Paper Example It will help to develop an effective and significant social order. This report will describe a brief summary of the life of Marry Wollstonecraft. In addition to this, the report will discuss about the above mentioned master piece. Discussion â€Å"A Vindication of the rights of Women† was published in the year 1792. This book of philosophy is based on the rights of women in society. In Western Europe, married women lost their individual legal identity and single women had minimal protection under the law during the eighteenth century. In addition to this, women could not avail the rights to sign a legal contract, retain a lawyer for individual legal needs and inherit property. Most importantly the women during that period of time did not have the right over their children. The wife and husband were considered as one person during that era. The women generally lost their legal existence right after marriage. Mary Wollstonecraft created a huge sensation in the year 1792 by writi ng the book based on women’s right in society named â€Å"A Vindication of the rights of Women†. She declared that men and women should be treated with equal rights to liberty, pursuit of happiness and life. She appealed for women to become knowledgeable and educated. She persisted women should be allowed and free to pursue professional careers, enter into business and vote if they ever wished as these are their morale rights. According to Mary Wollstonecraft, â€Å"I speak of the improvement and emancipation of the whole sex† (Powell 1). In addition to this, Mary Wollstonecraft declared that â€Å"Let woman share the rights, and she will emulate the virtues of man; for she must grow more perfect when emancipated† (Powell 1). Mary Wollstonecraft was able to inspire the community and people within it as she used to speak from the heart. Her writings were easily understandable but she used to provide examples and facts from her own turbulent experience. Acc ording to Mary Wollstonecraft, â€Å"There is certainly an original defect in my mind† (Powell 1). She confessed that â€Å"for the cruelest experience will not eradicate the foolish tendency I have to cherish, and expect to meet with, romantic tenderness† (Powell 1). Mary Wollstonecraft passionately tried to give proper rights to the women in the society. She was a full-time professional writer. She used to write on serious and complex subjects without having an aristocratic sponsor. She had that much courage to share her views through her writing with the aim or objective to improve the scenario of the society (Brody 99). She had to struggle hard as the women were conventionally cherished for several domestic services. Mary Wollstonecraft developed her sheer skills on scanty earnings. Several contemporaries noted the provocative presence of Mary Wollstonecraft. In â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Woman†, Mary Wollstonecraft responds to the political and ed ucational theorists of the late 18th century. Several political and educational theorists did not believe that women should avail the right and needs of education. She continuously argued that women have the right to education as the women are the first teachers of their children. In addition to this, she stated that education will help a woman to give company to her husband in difficult situations.

Creativity in finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Creativity in finance - Essay Example The financial managers develop a wide range of choices that are suitable for the solving financial problems, through getting detached from the former theories that were taken as the basis for solving problems involving finances. The previous limitations in regard to problem solving are not paid attention to. It is characterized by uniqueness in the ideas generated. According to Shirur (2003 p 67), creativity involves spawning, putting into operation and communication of the inventive ideas to others in the financial system. It takes place when people are capable of organizing their opinions in a manner that eventually directs them to an improved appreciation of the subject matter. Julier and Moor (2009 p 112) further argues that creativity is a course of action whereby those who make financial decisions develop sensitivity in regard to financial issues. They focus on the major financial drawbacks, insufficiency, knowledge gaps, the lacking components, dissonance and such issues that hamper financial advancement, and establishing their complexity, identifying a viable solution, making appropriate presumptions or preparing a hypotheses in regard to the shortages, trying them and eventually reporting to the stakeholders. In general, creativity is meaningful to finance. This essay is a critique of this meaning, and how creativity could affect the processes and products in finance. Innovation is crucial in the organizational processes since it brings in new and better ways of improving the financial management of an organization. It also propels the organization towards accomplishment of strategic objectives for improvement of profitability. According to Proctor (1995 p 76), creativity is the origin of innovation. He defines innovation as putting in to practice creative ideas in order to improve the competitiveness of an organization,

Improving Organizational Performance Essay Example for Free

Improving Organizational Performance Essay Celsey Evans, of Airdevils, has hired Peter Mallow, of Dream Teamworks, to address the problems currently existing in and affecting the Airdevils Company. These problems consist of dissatisfaction among customers, less wins at award ceremonies, a high turnover rate, and low job satisfaction among employees. Surveys, amongst other factors, determined that job dissatisfaction is particularly high among the stunt performers. With the stunt performers as the target group of the study, Celsey and Peter will identify the reasons for psychological underpinnings of low job satisfaction in the company. Using motivational and behavioral approaches and making adjustments to the core reasons for employee dissatisfaction will help Airdevils attain the status that they seem to have lost. Determining the underlying causes, implementing interventions, creating a team for preparing innovating stunts, and reducing stress among employees are the keys to catapulting Airdevils back to the status it deserves. According to the JDI and JIG (survey) scores for Airdevils’ employees the stunt performers are the least satisfied in general, but all of the employees are dissatisfied below acceptable levels in Promotion (infrequencies) and Pay (too low). Supervision and Work are also low with stunt performers but higher than â€Å"good† among other employees. If one were to rely on this information alone, one would determine that pay and promotion needs to be examined and adjusted. Further information provided, blogs and profiles, show that there are issues with ‘holier than thou’ attitudes among E8’s, less time at home with family members, low salaries, and drudge routines. After examining these factors one can determine generally that the main cause of low job satisfaction among stunt performers at Airdevils is that the stunts lack exciting challenges. Because the members of Airdevils performing teams were put into hierarchal positions, they were placed into spe cialized stunt routines. This created a more rigid organizational structure. * Though the budget does not allow a perfect overhaul to Celsey’s organization, many interventions can be chosen to be simply delayed. Recommended for the Airdevils immediately are allow participation in open competitions, entering in a new line of stunts, rotation in industry meets, and offering performance-based incentives in salaries. Allowing performers to perform outside work and cross-training are factors that should be considered quickly. After implementation of these interventions there proves to be a marked increase in the company’s performance and there is an improvement in job satisfaction. * In the next phase of the reorganization, Celsey wants to create a group of three people to begin preparing innovative stunts for the regular customers of the Airdevils. Should this idea work well, the customers will like the plans and will want to spend extra money for stunts consultation. In this case, the Airdevils will form a stunts consultancy division. Given seven excellent candidates for this three person team the three chosen by Dream Teamwork’s for Celsey’s team are Cari, Charlie, and Alverta because of their combined work experience, enthusiasm for the job, personalities, and high probability of achievement. Applying this decision is successful. The mixture of experience, high skill levels, and high emotional stability prove to be an excellent combination to make a powerful team for the Airdevils. * In the next phase, Dream Teamworks helps Celsey choose what measures should be taken by the Airdevils to reduce stress among the support crewmembers. After considerations of the measures available to the Airdevils those that would most benefit the company and its staff are relaxation training, stress-inoculation training, software training, modifying team structure, offering transportation services, establishing a code of conduct, and allowing a flexi ble work schedule. These are the best measure possible to reduce stress levels among crewmembers. The results are lower absenteeism, less stress, more teamwork, more personal time with family, and a better ability to cope with stressors from work (Britt Jex, 2008). Absenteeism, turnover, job performance, and counter-productive behavior can be addressed through motivation. Based on the situation illustrated in the simulation the theories of employee motivation that could be used by Celsey and the management team of the Airdevils team to tackle issues are need-based theories, cognitive process theories, self-determination theory, and job-based theories. A need-based theory such as need for achievement would be an effective place to start. Need-based theories propose that achievement and power are needs evoked by different stimuli in the environment (Britt Jex, 2008). Maslow’s need hierarchy does explain that the higher one gets on their hierarchy pyramid, from physiological to self-actualization, the more content a person becomes. This could explain why Airdevils has a need to reorganize their corporation. Making employees content in more factions of their lives makes more productive employees. ERG is another needs-based theory that could be considered. ERG allows for the possibility that the stunt performers in the Airdevils may be regressing because their needs at the most basic level of their work are not satisfied. They are too concerned with the issues that the they may have with the redundancy of the routines and personality issues. Also, they are not allowed to experiment and show their own individuality and true colors and feel as thpugh they are failing to live up to their potential. Need for achievement theory is another that could be considered for this situation. Those who have consistent distinguishing characteristics of perso ns who have a high need for achievement can describe many of the stunt performers at Airdevils. These characteristics include the tendency to set moderately difficult performance goals, seek feedback, and work long hours because they absorb themselves in work (Britt Jex, 2008). Goal-setting, Control, and Equity theories and behavioral approaches are just some examples of further applications that can be studied for this case. Many theories could be applied to the Airdevils’ situation. Should Celsey and Peter go through each of the theories that could be applied to their situation, they may find that each theory will touch on a subject currently adversely affecting the company and its profits. Through examining them all, they could reach conclusions on correcting behaviors throughout the company. Knowledge of human behavior, cognition, and affect can be used to enhance relationships in the workplace. Understanding how people interact with each other and why can help management can place people together in teams accordingly. It can also prepare the company for behavioral changes among the employees. This knowledge can help solve problems, create stress free workplace environments, and create productive and powerful teams. Employee workplace stressors can be reduced by organizations. By paying attention to the results of surveys, blogs written by employees, and general complaints throughout the company any organization can come to understand what particular stressors affect their particular employees. Clear definitions of job titles and descriptions of jobs would assist an organization from having role stressors. Workloads should be studied and divided amongst employees according to ability and pay to alleviate workload stressors. Independent control over their own workloads could be considered. For example, in regard to Airdevils, allowing more team members freedom to decide on adjustments to routines could reduce stress levels there. Alleviating interpersonal conflict by teaming like members together is one way that companies like the Airdevils can control stressors. Reducing organizational constraints is another example. In the case of the Airdevils’ organizational constraints, they do not allow their employees to participate in open competitions or rotate in industry meets. Releasing these constraints could strengthen the organizations relationships with their employees as well as relieve some of the stressors they face. Perceived control and work-family conflict are further stressors that should be examined. Making adjustments to schedules, pay, and employees behaviors will relieve many organizational conflicts and stressors and benefit the company greatly. Job security, layoffs, mergers and acquisitions are not currently affecting Airdevils but do affect other organizations. Stress management training, adjusting work schedules, providing telecommuting options, offering family-friendly benefits, and offering health and fitness programs are further ways that an organization can combat stress among its employees (Britt Jex, 2008). Careful consideration of each aspect by the organization will ensure that they can make informed decisions regarding each stressor. After analysis of survey, employee blogs, and paying attention to the behaviors of its employees, Celsey and Peter can make the changes that Airdevils desperately needs to survive and grow. The company has a superb foundation and understands that changes must be made to achieve success. By applying studying and understanding employees’ behaviors, cognition, and applying relevant theories Dream Teamworks and Airdevils can create a prospering work environment for Airdevils’ employees and will find more satisfied employees, be subject to less turnover, win more awards, and satisfy customers better than they ever have. Reference Britt, T. W., Jex, S. M. (2008). Organizational psychology: A scientist-practitioner approach. (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons